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Why COVID-19 is still a concern

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COVID-19 infection continues to cause severe illness in some people and can lead to serious complications.
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Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19

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Long COVID

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Factors Affecting Health Equity

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MIS-C and MIS-A

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Symptoms of COVID-19 Illness

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People report a wide range of COVID-19 symptoms, spanning from mild to severe.

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Symptoms of COVID-19 may appear 2 to 14 days after exposure to the virus and can include:

  • Fever or chills
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle or body aches
  • Headache
  • New loss of taste or smell
  • Sore throat
  • Congestion or runny nose
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This list does not include all the possible symptoms of COVID-19. Symptoms may change with new COVID-19 variants and can vary by person. To learn more about possible COVID-19 symptoms, please visit CDC.gov.
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Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19

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The information in this section is not product specific and does not include statements of vaccine efficacy or effectiveness.
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COVID-19 continues to pose health risks to individuals of all ages and backgrounds. Some people with certain medical condition(s) or risk factors are at an increased risk of getting very sick from COVID-19.


According to the CDC, this means that a person with 1 or more of these conditions who gets very sick from COVID-19 (has severe illness from COVID-19) is more likely to:

  • Be hospitalized
  • Need intensive care
  • Require a ventilator to help them breathe
  • Die
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~74% of U.S. adults have at least 1 risk factor for getting very sick from COVID-19.1

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1. Panagiotakopoulos L. Use of 2025-2026 COVID-19 vaccines: work group considerations. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases. Presented April 15, 2025. Accessed December 2, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/acip/downloads/slides-2025-04-15-16/05-Panagiotakopoulos-COVID-508.pdf
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According to the CDC, a person’s risk of severe illness from COVID-19 increases as the number of risk factors they have increases.

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Medical condition(s) or risk factors include:

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  • Cancer
  • Cerebrovascular disease
  • Chronic kidney disease including people receiving dialysis
  • Chronic liver disease including cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol‑related liver disease, and autoimmune hepatitis
  • Chronic lung diseases including asthma (moderate to severe), bronchiectasis (thickening of the lungs’ airways), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease affecting newborns), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; including emphysema and chronic bronchitis), damaged or scarred lung tissue (interstitial lung disease including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lungs), pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs)
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • Dementia or Parkinson's disease
  • Diabetes (type 1, type 2, or gestational)
  • Disabilities including Down syndrome
  • Heart conditions including heart failure, coronary artery disease, and cardiomyopathies
  • Hemoglobin blood disorders
  • HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
  • Immunocompromised condition or weakened immune system
  • Mental health conditions including depression and schizophrenia spectrum disorders
  • Overweight and obesity
  • Physical inactivity
  • Pregnancy or recent pregnancy
  • Smoking, current or former
  • Solid-organ or blood stem-cell transplantation
  • Substance use disorders
  • Tuberculosis
  • Use of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medications
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This isn’t a complete list of risk factors and is not in any order of severity.

Visit CDC.gov to learn more about conditions that increase your likelihood of becoming very sick with COVID-19.

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Factors Affecting Health Equity

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The information in this section is not product specific and does not include statements of vaccine efficacy or effectiveness.
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Some people have a greater chance of getting very sick or even dying from COVID-19 because of where they live or work, or because they can’t easily access healthcare. This includes many people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds and those with disabilities.

See more from the CDC regarding:

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Long COVID

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The information in this section is not product specific and does not include statements of vaccine efficacy or effectiveness.
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Some people who have been infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 can experience long-term effects from their infection, known as Long COVID.

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Long COVID is a serious illness that can result in chronic conditions requiring long-term care. Symptoms and conditions can emerge, persist, resolve, and reemerge over weeks and months.


Long COVID may last weeks, months, or years after a COVID-19 infection and can include a wide range of symptoms*:

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*This list does not include all the possible symptoms of Long COVID. To learn more about possible Long COVID symptoms, please visit CDC.gov.
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General symptoms

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  • Fever
  • Tiredness
  • Fatigue
  • Symptoms that get worse after physical or mental effort
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Respiratory and heart symptoms

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  • Difficulty breathing
  • Shortness of breath
  • Cough
  • Chest pain
  • Fast-beating or pounding heart
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Neurological symptoms

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  • Difficulty thinking or concentrating
  • Headache
  • Sleep problems
  • Lightheadedness
  • Pins-and-needles feeling
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Digestive symptoms

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  • Diarrhea
  • Stomach pain
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According to the CDC, although Long COVID occurs more often in people who had severe COVID-19 illness, anyone who has been infected or reinfected with the virus that causes COVID-19 can experience it, including children.

Each time a person is infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, they have a risk of developing Long COVID.
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Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Adults

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The information in this section is not product specific and does not include statements of vaccine efficacy or effectiveness.
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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) is a rare but serious condition associated with COVID-19 in which different internal and external body parts become inflamed, including the following:

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  • Heart
  • Lungs
  • Kidneys
  • Brain
  • Skin
  • Eyes
  • Gastrointestinal tract
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MIS can affect children (MIS-C) and adults (MIS-A).

Visit CDC.gov to learn more about MIS-C and MIS-A signs and symptoms and when to seek emergency care.

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MIS-C case definition includes people who are younger than 21 years old, and MIS-A case definition includes people who are 21 years and older.
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Stay Informed About COVID19 and COMIRNATY

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